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Step 1: Understand the Target

Before diving into vulnerability discovery, it’s essential to gather comprehensive information about your target. This understanding forms the foundation for effective bug hunting. Here's a detailed guide on how to approach this:

1.1. What Do You Know About the Target?

General Information:

• Company’s History, Mission, and Values:
  • Research the company’s background, including its history and mission statement. This helps you understand their core values and operational principles.
• Key Stakeholders:
  • Identify the key stakeholders and their roles within the organization. Knowing who is responsible for different aspects of the company can provide insights into its operations and potential vulnerabilities.

Technology Stack:

• Identify Primary Technologies:
  • Determine the primary technologies and platforms the company uses. This includes web frameworks (e.g., Django, Ruby on Rails), CMS (e.g., WordPress, Drupal), databases (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL), and hosting environments.
• Tools for Technology Identification:
  • BuiltWith: This tool provides detailed information on the technologies used by the website.
  • Wappalyzer: A browser extension that reveals the technology stack of any website.
  • Netcraft: Provides data on hosting providers, operating systems, and web technologies.

1.2. What is Their Primary Business?

Business Model:

• Understand the Industry:
  • Determine the industry in which the target operates (e.g., e-commerce, finance, healthcare). This knowledge helps tailor your approach based on industry-specific security concerns and regulatory requirements.
• Identify Services or Products:
  • Identify the primary services or products offered by the company. Knowing what they sell or provide can highlight key functionalities and data flows within their web applications.

Critical Assets:

• Determine Critical Parts of the Business:
  • Recognize which parts of the business are most critical, such as customer data, financial transactions, intellectual property, etc. These areas are often high-value targets for attackers and may have more stringent security measures.
• High-Value Targets:
  • Identify assets that could be high-value targets for attackers. This includes sensitive customer information, payment processing systems, proprietary technology, and confidential business information.

Major Bug Bounty Platforms

1. HackerOne
   • One of the largest and most well-known bug bounty platforms.
   • Hosts programs for companies like Uber, Twitter, and Shopify.
   • Website: HackerOne